Skill: physics
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Entropy production and fluctuation-response relations underlying active mechanosensitivity by the inner ear’s hair cells
Sounds are detected and amplified in the inner ear by active mechano-sensory hair cells (see Figure). Hearing starts with the deflection of the hair bundle, a cohesive tuft of cylindrical protrusions that works as the hair cell’s mechanical antenna. Hair-bundle vibrations produce an electrical signal that is then transmitted to the brain. Importantly, the hair…
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Electrical control of hair-cell mechanosensitivity in the inner ear
Sounds are detected in the inner ear by mechano-sensory “hair cells”. Hearing starts with sound-evoked deflections of the hair bundle, a cohesive tuft of stereocilia that works as the hair cell’s mechanical antenna (Fig. 1). These movements modulate tension in the tip links (Fig 1, inset) that pull on mechanosensitive ion channels, resulting in an…
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Simultaneous 3D localization and 2D orientation determination for single-molecules super resolution microscopy
Super-resolution (SR) microscopy have revolutionized our understanding of the biological processes at the molecular level. Imaging single molecules and localizing their center with high precision allows the reconstruction of pointillist image of the sample with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit [1,2,3]. In order to capture the 3D nanoscale morphology of the whole cell, multifocus…
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Multicolor multifocus microscopy for multidimensional single molecule imaging
The ability to control the wavefront at the output of an imaging system allows to correct the imaging system optical aberration but also to impose a controlled deformation to encode specific information in the recorded images. Diffractive optical elements (DOE) provide an efficient mean to manipulate light. When placed in the back focal plane of…
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Hydrodynamic stimulation of gastrulation in Nematostella early embryos: mechanotransduction mechanisms
The evolutionary emergence of the primitive gut in Metazoa is one of the decisive events that conditioned the major evolutionary transition having led to the origin of animal development. It is thought to have been induced by the specification of the endomesoderm into the multicellular tissue and its invagination (i.e. gastrulation). However, the biochemical signals…
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Multiscale control of active multicellular tissues
Emerging collective behaviors observed in multicellular biological tissues are controlled by the activity of the cells that make them up and by their mutual interactions. Such collective phenotypes include collective cell migration or organized supracellular tissue architectures; and span 2D and 3D geometries. However, in vivo, cell populations also strongly interact with their microenvironment via…